How Millennials (and Younger Generations) Can Prepare for the Next Recession

How Millennials (and Younger Generations) Can Prepare for the Next Recession How Millennials (and Younger Generations) Can Prepare for the Next Recession How Millennials (and Younger Generations) Can Prepare for the Next RecessionFrom tackling debt to picking up a side hustle, here’s how to prepare for financial downturns.Recession talk has been especially relevant since the Dow dropped more than 750 points in one day back in August 2019. Although no one can know for certain when the next recession will come, economists believe it will arrive sometime in the coming year.According to Ben Carlson, director of institutional asset management at Ritholtz Wealth Management, recessions in the United States have averaged once every five years since World War II. That statistic doesn’t seem so bad considering from 1836-1928, the United States was averaging one recession every 2.1 years. With that in mind, it’s been nearly a decade since the end of the Great Recession. And for many young people, the forthcoming (and inevitable) recession will be their first in the workforce.  So how do you prepare?  Aside from the obvious tightening of be lts and watching budgets, there is actually a lot you can do to protect yourself and your financial well-being from a recession. Because they happen so frequently, it’s a good life lesson to learn as early as possible.Ditch the debtWhen a recession hits, you might find yourself more strapped for cash. If that happens and you’re straddling a lot of credit card debt, personal loans, or other types of debt, it will be even harder to knock it out. If your budget takes a hit and you can only pay the minimum payments, you’ll be stuck with even more debt than you originally had, thanks to interest fees. With that in mind, tackling that debt before the going gets tougher is probably your best bet, as it will only become more difficult as additional economic stressors arise.Jo Yurcaba at Bustle addresses debt repayments as a major consideration for forthcoming recession woes. Especially for millennials who are battling with basic living expenses, student loan debt, and lack of savings, debts will be a big problem when the recession hits.“The debt left by attending college, or the impact of having mostly-stagnant wages while cost of living continues to rise,” Yurcaba writes, “means many millennials also dont invest and dont save, which could both become even more difficult during a recession if they lose their jobs or have their hours cut.”Consider a side hustleNot only will a side hustle enable you to pay down debt faster, but it will give you a leg up when the recession comes. In the gig economy, it’s easy to pick up certain hustles like Uber or Lyft or food delivery, and if you already have experience built up, it will be easier to hang onto the hustle when the recession arrives.Get smartThere are a variety of things you can do, such as increasing your financial literacy, to prep for the recession. It’s only a matter of time before one arrives, but Yurcaba says it’s not time to freak out yet. Prepare, yes. Freak out, no.“Much of the worry for mi llennials ahead of a potential recession is due to the way the Great Recession impacted older millennials, who entered the job market when unemployment was near 10% (thats very high),” Yurcaba writes. “According to [Jill] Schlesinger [a business analyst for CBS News], the Great Recession was pretty extreme â€" it was the worst downturn the U.S. economy has seen since the Great Depression â€" and the next one is unlikely to be as bad.”

How Does Hormones Affect Sexual Orientation Essay

Proponents have also argued that hormones are the primary determinant of sexual orientation, or a co-factor with environmental and social conditions, biological factors, or genes. Having seen that many genetic screens have failed to turn up genes that are responsible for sexual orientation, colleagues have researched that homosexuality may be a carry-over from one s parents prenatal resistance to the hormones of the opposite sex. Early hormones have been hypothesized to influence both sexual orientation and related childhood sex-typed behaviors. Seeing that sexual differentiation occurs in the womb, as a result of hormonal influences, it has been believed that homosexuality may result from a differential hormone balance in the wombs of those who eventually display a homosexual preference. Since hormonal levels within the womb are not available, representatives for hormonal influences have been used to examine the question of how hormonal influences might impact sexual orientation. T hese proxies include differences in size and shape, including the ratio of the longer bones of the arms and legs relative to arm span or stature and the hand bones of adults. In some cases, studies have shown that the mothers of homosexual males suffered a high degree of stress throughout their duration of their pregnancy. Since stress affects hormonal levels, researchers have suggested that decreased levels of testosterone could lead to a demasculinization of the development of the brain.Show MoreRelatedGay Straight, And The Reason Why Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesdebated where our sexual orientation comes from, particularly whether its biological or social forces driving these behaviors. In regards to homosexuality and bisexuals, some have argued that it may be a choice that these individuals are making.(Levay 2012: 41)Some have even said it is a mental disorder that one can recover from, but there is plenty of data that says otherwise.(Levay 2012: 41)(Levay 2012: 65) I beli eve diverse sexual orientations develop in humans due to sex hormones during fetal lifeRead MoreSexual Orientation Is A Choice1603 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s society, there is an ongoing argument as to whether sexual orientation is a choice or if it is a preference that one is born with. Due to these conflicting perspectives, many philosophers have written books and conducted experiments in order to determine and justify which viewpoint is accurate. In Simone de Beauvoir’s book, The Second Sex, particularly the chapter entitled â€Å"The Lesbian†, she illustrated her assumption that homosexuality is a choice through the analysis of their benefitsRead MoreGender And Gender Identity And Development1303 Words   |  6 Pagesgender is how they are developed due to social influences, both from upbringing and society. The idea of gender identity occurs through developmental factors of one’s life. Throughout life, one’s influences, from things such as physical development, play, clothing, family dynamics, and cultural and societal factors, play a major part in how they identify themselves and how others will be lead to recognize them. Gender identity development is something important to recognize, for it is how one becomesRead MoreWhat Factors Influence Sexual Orientation1331 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors influence sexual orientation in men and women? Throughout history there has been speculation about what influences sexuality in men and woman. Is sexual orientation biological or cultural in nature? There is a common misconception that sexual identity operate in parallel with gender roles( Sell, 2005 as cited in Wilkinson Roys, 2005, p.65). Scholars have not came to an agreement regarding what actually comprise a person’s sexual orientation, however a sexual orientation has been deemed aRead MoreEssay on Human Development: Nature vs. Nurture1393 Words   |  6 Pagesof mental disorders† (Schaffner) The debate is essentially about what is inherited (nature) and what is experienced by environmental factors (nurture) and how they affect human development. Naturally, the nature versus nurture debate relates to many controversies such as intelligence, gender identities, violent behaviors, and sexual orientation. There are countless studies on whether intelligence is an inherited trait or if it is influenced by environmental factors. A study was conducted with adoptedRead MoreSexual Orientation Within America s Most Controversial Topics1058 Words   |  5 Pages Sexual orientation can be considered as one of America’s most controversial topics. Although the rationale and choice differs from person to person, and is considered to be a private matter of personal preference, many people have experienced negative backlash and harsh criticism due to their individual likings. In general, sexual orientation is defined as: a person s sexual identity in relation to the gender to which they are attracted; the fact of being heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual.Read MoreFia Case Study1700 Words   |  7 Pageschoose and why? By doing nothing, you are being a bystander. What does that mean and why is it a problem? You are in a membership selection session during Recruitment. The chapter is discussing a potential new member prior to voting and several members have made comments that the potential new member doesn’t fit â€Å"the chapter’s image.† The understood message is that the potential new member is bisexual. Possible Discussion Questions o How do these comments and lines of thinking go against what Kappa valuesRead More Gay Child Rearing Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pagesparents. Does having gay parents affect a child’s mental health and growth? Can education and socialization be decreased with the presence of gay parents? How could it be possible that children are not affected by having two parents of the same sex? Doesn’t this cause some gender confusion for the child? How can a child develop properly without the experience of both a male and female role model? Will the child be at risk for molestation of a homosexual parent? A female teaches the child how to loveRead MoreGenetics and Human Sexuality1320 Words   |  6 Pagesthought and behavior that it sometimes seems that every facet of our life revolves around this to a certain extent. Human sexual behavior is different from the sexual behavior of other animals, in that, it seems to be governed by a variety and interplay of different factors. That is, while lower animals or species are driven by a force to reproduce and therefore partake in sexual behavior. Charles Darwin’s stance on evolution relies on reproduction, without reproduction there would be no way of explainingRead MoreEssay about The Homosexual Brain?1502 Words   |  7 Pagescounters the sentiment of many homosexuals that their sexual orientation is neither a lifestyle nor a personal choice, it is innate and unchangeable (2) . Is homosexuality a choice or does sexual preference have a biological basis? This question is at the forefront of academic, scientific, political, legal a nd media consciousness (3). The debate over homosexuality has influenced a myriad of research in finding a biological cause for differences in sexual behavior. The quest to find a biological substrate

Artificial Intelligence Robotic Surgery - 1202 Words

Artificial intelligence is defined as the development of computer systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. In the scientific industry, artificial intelligence is used to assist surgeons in surgery, referred to as robotic surgery, and is most likely to become the most dominant form of surgery. Robot assisted surgery has been prevalent for about ten years now, and is becoming popular in many industries. In aeronautics, NASA is implementing robotic surgery for astronauts in space, in case of emergencies (Ashford et al.). From a military standpoint, the Pentagon is investing their time in a project to create surgical robots to perform medical operations on soldiers at battlefield (Ashford et al.). Jose Pagliery, who has expertise in the field of technology and hacking and is a staff reporter for CNN, a news source that has more than 4,000 news professionals that are experts in various fields of education, states that Google and Johnson Johnson teamed up to deve lop surgical robots that use artificial intelligence to help enhance the medical industry. This can change the way hospitals function in the future. In reference to artificial intelligence influencing surgery, these include, but are not limited to an improvement in dexterity, surgeon related benefits, and patient related benefits. These specific areas are proven to be affected by artificial intelligence through scientific research, extensive studies, and experiments. Overall, artificialShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Artificial Intelligence On The Medical Industry1097 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence of Artificial Intelligence in the Medical Industry Artificial intelligence is defined as the development of computer systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. In the scientific industry, artificial intelligence is used to assist surgeons in surgery, called robotic surgery and is most likely to become the most dominant form of surgery. Robot assisted surgery has been prevalent for about ten years now, and is becoming popular in many industries. From an aeronauticalRead MoreUse of Robotics in Health Care Sector1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe answer lies here: A robot is a mechanical or virtual artificial agent, usually an electro-mechanical machine that is guided by a computer program or electronic circuitry. Robots can be autonomous, semi-autonomous or remotely controlled and range from humanoids such as ASIMO and TOPIO to Nano robots, swarm robots, and industrial robots. By mimicking a lifelike appearance or automating movements, a robot may convey a sense of intelligence or thought of its own. Robots are sa id to be the futureRead MoreA Research On Artificial Intelligence1338 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation, and act in a human-like way. Artificial Intelligence has many uses across many fields, especially in the field of Medicine. Early on in the field, many scientists and doctors believed that robots controlled by sophisticated AI would be able to surpass clinicians. â€Å"With such motivations, a small but talented community of computer scientists and healthcare professionals set about shaping a research program for a new discipline called Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM). These researchersRead MoreThe Integration Of Robotics And Artificial Intelligence1036 Words   |  5 Pagescritical element of thinking demonstrated by humans gets adopted in robotics and automation by the developments intensified in the field of Artificial Intelligence. The fear of robots taking over human tasks should get dismissed because the adoption of new technology elevates innovation levels that create alternative jobs in various sectors of the economy hence employment (Kelly). The integration of robotics and artificial intelligence in the human tasks benefits society to a great extent by simplifyingRead MoreRobotics Essay3721 Words   |  15 PagesBallBot 8 nBot 9 Artificial Intelligence 10 Sensors for Navigation and Obstacle detection 10 Important of artificial intelligence in robots 10 Motors in Robotics 10 Weight, Power-to-Weight Ratio 10 Reduction gear 11 Bibliography 11 Introduction Robotics is a fundamental study of robots (NASA, WHAT IS ROBOTICS), and robots are type of machines that perform tasks usually without any human intervention. These types of robots are known as ‘Autonomous Robots’. The subject; Robotics is being widelyRead MoreThe Boom in Robotic Population1146 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction According to the report of International Federation of Robotics in 2008 the worlds robot population has reached 8.6 million. That is a little less than the population of New Jersey (Guizzo, Erico). From this data it is clear that lots of people do not realize how much they are surrounded by robots already at the present time. Additionally from year to year number of these robots is growing as technology and science are developing faster than it seems. This essay will discuss drawbacksRead MoreThe Fear Of Robots From Star Wars1414 Words   |  6 Pageswith them or they are against them and fear any kind of artificial intelligence. Robotics is a double-edged sword; there is a considerable amount of evidence and experience to safely say that robots are essential to humans, yet many people have the innate fear that they will surpass humans. Rather than fearing robots, people should try to embrace the advancing technology and the benefits that could result from it. The idea of creating artificial beings has been with humans for thousands of years. InRead MorePros And Cons Of Artificial Intelligence1704 Words   |  7 PagesArtificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a topic of major controversy in today’s world. When people first hear about this, they may quickly jump to conclusions that can be either positive or negative. On one end of the spectrum, some may think that it could mean the end of humanity. That AI systems might surpass human intelligence, and come to the conclusion that humans are inferior to them, which has several implications on its own. On the other end, some may think that it could beRead MoreArtificial Intelligence in Medicine2005 Words   |  9 PagesArtificial Intelligence in Medicine A Term Paper Presented to MS. SERPOLETTE BOHOL Department of Social Sciences and Humanities College of Education and Social Sciences Mindanao State University at Naawan 9023 Naawan, Misamis Oriental In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course English 2 (College English 2) by ERNIE G. ALJAS HANS KELVIN P. MERMIO March 2011 Introduction Nowadays there are insufficient of medical specialist in the most developing countriesRead MoreBeginning In The Eighties And Nineties, We Entered A New1659 Words   |  7 Pagesworkplace, the use of technology also brings many benefits for companies, who make fewer mistakes, save money and work faster and more precisely. Therefore, many big businesses in all fields are beginning to use machines over people. Robotics or artificial intelligence (AI) are used in the manufacturing, in the search, the rescue missions, and in the military. They are used in factories across the globe and individuals have been increasingly losing their jobs as robots become more efficient and more

First Cars PLC Plan Free Essays

It is clearly showing that for the p rapports it is going in the correct direction. With the market expected to grow in terms of market volume, mutinously year on year reaching its final point 1 increase above the baa SE year in 2014 and showing the same trend however with a greater increase for the market v alee, expecting to grow by around 300% over the period shown. This data clearly backs up the e idea of the proposal as it is suggesting that they are entering a market that is showing the at it should be thriving in the forthcoming years and therefore suggesting that they should g o into the new market earlier rather than later because as the car club market increases like the data suggested so will the competition that is in the market, therefore making it ha deer for them to enter the market the later they wait. We will write a custom essay sample on First Cars PLC Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Secondly if they do decide to go ahead with the proposal, the data suggests the at the company is likely to become more professional in the way it operates as they move into a prestigious office in London this will come with a more decentralized organizational struck true. What this means for the company is the fact that the decision making process is spread out to include the more junior managers in the hierarchy, making the decisions made close r to the customer and therefore should hopefully mean that the end service is going to be close to what those who are going to consume it want. It is also a good way of training junior man eager into how the decision making process works and allows them to be making decisions in the company from very early on, therefore increasing the responsibility they have in the such cues, this will also improve the motivation that they have for their job and decrease the decide Soon making time. Further to this it will have a massive positive effect on the staff turnover of the business as shown in Appendix C from Human Resources, this table shows that labor turnover is restarted to fall to 5% from 30%, this could be due to the new structure Of the e business, allowing everyone a part in the fundamental decision making process that face sees them every day or the fact that with better working conditions such as a large office in Lo Indo and a higher salary they are bound to be happier in their work. Further to this the 10 w labor turnover will hopefully reduce the training costs that they are pumping into the e new strategy. As they have a huge budget for training you assume that this will mean that e employees should feel more motivated as they see the effort the company is putting in to et them highly trained in their job, this should mean that the high cost of training will very m such be a one off cost to the business as this alongside the low labor turnover means that the y should be in a position where they aren’t training new recruits regularly, only if the case arise sees that they have to expand or when they decide they are doing well enough in the market to d o so. Further to the arguments above the AIR of the investment into the car club p rapports is forecasted to be 15. 6%, this figure passes the expectation of the Directors’ who o said they anted it to be at 12%, this means that they are going to achieve the original investment of E Million quicker that what is expected however there could always be the chant CE for error in the forecasted figures. Other arguments for the proposal would be the fact the at the cost of traveling is predicted to increase by 20% over the next 4 years as price of peter 01, car tax and insurance is growing more and more over time. Also as said in the date an Inc erase in the emphasis of reducing our carbon footprint has led to people questioning thee r decision to own a car, and this will be further contemplated as car clubs become ever more pop alular, therefore paving the way for car clubs to come into the market. Finally the car club Indus story has a proven track record and therefore instead Of it being a risky option for the co many what it in fact is doing is differentiating testifiers a market that they are beginning to I SSE market share in. Arguments against: My first argument against would be the fact that they are already running a s successful car rental business and as with any business why would you change something if it is still bringing in a decent revenue, their USPS Of being a no thrills business that is always undo recruiting its imitators is always going to appeal to the tourist that is looking for a simple e car hire for their time in the country. However the case study does then go onto say that they a re losing market share in a competitive market, therefore they need to change something. Ho waver maybe the idea of moving into a market that is not as widely well known could be devastate dating especially as First Cars PL has no previous experience of the car club market, this could lead to a large amount of unwanted start up costs as they haven’t really got someone d riving the project that IS likely to know exactly what is happening. Further to this the car club market is already occupied by a lone large company owning 60% of the market share m meaning that it is a monopoly as a result of this they are going to have to do something dramatic calla different to have any affect on the market they are moving into as without a strong USPS t here is no way they will fare well against an already well established successful company that dominates the market market share. Secondly the previous question tells us that the website is likely to take 1 0 we seeks longer than what the critical path analysis says in Appendix B, because they don’t think the t they can design and test the website in under 15 weeks this means that Amy has made a massive mistake and misjudged by 1 0 weeks, this will have a detrimental effect on the whole process and will put it back to last 27 weeks as opposed to the 23 weeks previously sees admitted, this also changes the critical path from BEG to CHI]. As a result of this First Cars P LLC could experience a number of serious cash flow problems as instead of the comma nines website getting up and running and the first orders coming in, will still be in the pro diction process causing a further cost to the business creating no revenue. How to cite First Cars PLC Plan, Papers

Irrigation Systems

Irrigation System on subsistence farmers in the Melanesian region Melanesia region comprises Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, New Caledonia and Papua New Guinea. For a long time, Melanesian farmers in the region have practiced subsistence farming as a source of their livelihood. Because of the changing climate, and the region landscape, most farmers use irrigation schemes to support their practices of subsistence farming.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Irrigation Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Melanesian Irrigation systems are well organized. According to Dunford Ridgell, (1997) subsistence farmers in the region have aligned their farming practices basing on irrigations requirements. One of the irrigation schemes is widely used in the region is Dani Irrigation. Dani irrigation is a scheme practiced by Dani people living in the Melanesian highlands. Danis are famed for their extensive cultivation pract ices. Dani farmers use this form of irrigation scheme to support intensive cultivation of crops such as sweet potatoes, taro, and other supplementary crops grown in the region. Dunford Ridgell (1997) indicate that besides Dani irrigation schemes, Melanesia region has developed local irrigation methods. Mostly, these methods involve activities such asdigging ditches to help farmers tap water from small streams that pass under the valleys. Moreover, local irrigation method involves farmers digging channels to re-direct waters and creating raised contours in the field for holding water.This helps in retaining water in the fields. Dunford Ridgell (1997) illustrate several ways in which Melanesian farmers use ditches. They demonstrate that ditches are source of fertilizer; hence, farmers use the fertilizer to apply to their crops. To reduce the incidence of soil erosion, and help conserve soil moisture, subsistence farmers use sharp wooden sticks to dig holes during planting of crops s uch as sweet potatoes. Dunford Ridgell (1997) also point out that farmers stagger their planting practices; this ensures the crop matures on ayear-round basis without requiring storage. This measure guarantees constant water supply. Southern Nile Farmers Southern Nile subsistence farmers have over the ages been dependent on irrigation practices to grow their crops. Presently, most farmers have established small-scale irrigation schemes under self-help programs (Abate, 1994). The self-help programs have been critical in addressing farmers’ irrigation needs.Advertising Looking for report on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite new trends in farming practices, such as adopting new irrigation methods and farming practices in the southern region, most farmers still carry on with traditional irrigation practices. They view traditional irrigation methods as less costly because they are managed communally. Desp ite many tangible benefits from using irrigation practice, some farmers, for example, those living in Ethiopian region have not fully aligned their irrigation systems and practices to reap from the waters of River Nile (Abate, 1994), which evidenced through variation in their cropping calendars, water usage patterns, the type of crops they are growing and the socio-economic trends in which they operate. Besides, southern farmers use conventional river diversions as irrigation method. Consequently, they use hand operated shaduf and water wheels among others. These devices assist in conveying water into the fields. Other common methods include digging shallow wells along rivers and using spade irrigation. Being practiced on a smaller scale, these systems encounters fewer problems than those experienced in large scale farming such as; farmers relying on organizations over control and remote management practices (Abate, 1994). hese methods are labor intensive and tiresome. However, in r ecent times, they have noted the benefits of efficient irrigation strategies prompting them to acquire irrigation pumps. They have been driven by factors such as increasing pressure on farming land, production quotas, rainfall inconsistency and collective ownership of land. Range of Foreign Aids Agencies Various foreign aids organizations have been critical in supporting subsistence farming in various capacities. For example, in the Nile Basin, the German Ministry of Environment carried out a case study on the effects resulting from use of scarce resources of River Nile. The ministry asserted that Egypt, and the entire region using River Nile will face severe environmental security risk as a consequence (Lensink Morrissey, 2000). Additionally,The Word Bank, under the World Bank Integrated Irrigation Improvement, and Management Project has been instrumental in assisting subsistence farmers in Southern Nile region. The organization’s goal is to increase production and encourage sustainable use of water resources in the region.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Irrigation Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organization views that most farmers are facing a growing need of River Nile water resource, hence, this will ultimately decrease its supply in the future. The organization is involved in activities such as developing and implementing integrated water management strategies, environmental management strategies, rehabilitating and improving irrigation and drainage systems in the region (Lensink Morrissey, 2000). Similarly, in Melanesia, United Nation Development Program and the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environmental Program, among other agencies are supporting the region significantly (Lensink Morrissey, 2000). In addition to providing information on the best farming practices, they are supporting farmers through training, funding and designing underground irrigatio n system. Their aim is to prevent drought in the future. Consequently, other regional agricultural bodies, in conjunction with the government are advising farmers on the best irrigation practices to use in the farms. References Abate, Z 1994,Water Resources Development in Ethiopia: An Evaluation of PresentExperience and Future Planning Concepts, Ithaca Press,Reading Dunford, BRidgell, R 1997, Pacific Neighbors: The Islands of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia, Bess Press, Honolulu Lensink, R Morrissey,O 2000, ‘Aid instability as a measure of uncertainty and the positive impact of aid on growth’, Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 36 no.3, pp. 31–49. This report on Irrigation Systems was written and submitted by user Jonathon Mccall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Parenthetical Phrases

Parenthetical Phrases Parenthetical Phrases Parenthetical Phrases By Mark Nichol Let’s say, for the sake of argument, that you’re explaining something in writing such as which punctuation marks to use to signal a break in thought and you want to make it clear to your readers (many of whom may never have realized that there are distinctions to be made). How would you do it? I just did. One of three basic strategies usually suffices to set a parenthetical phrase off from its root sentence. By â€Å"parenthetical phrase,† I mean one that constitutes a digression (or a clarification) and, despite the name, it doesn’t have to involve parentheses. I did it again. You see, the mildest form of parenthesis, for when you want to quickly insert a detail without distracting the reader, is a subordinate clause: a nonessential phrase framed by a pair of commas. The preceding sentence includes a subordinate clause: the one that begins â€Å"for when† and ends â€Å"the reader.† If you temporarily remove that phrase from the sentence, its structural integrity remains intact. (Try it; I’ll wait but don’t forget to put it back when you’re done.) The subordinate-clause parenthesis is one strategy. Another is to use the punctuation characters called parentheses. (The singular form, also used for the compositional device under discussion, is â€Å"parenthesis.†) Notice that I just inserted a parenthesis inside parentheses to make a point that isn’t key to the explanation but provides an additional dollop of information. Note also that I inserted a subordinate clause inside the parenthesis. That’s acceptable but shouldn’t be overdone, because it complicates sentence structure and can obfuscate writing. The third device is the use of what are technically called em dashes so called because they were originally the width of the letter â€Å"m† though most people refer to them simply as dashes. Digression: A pair of en dashes the origin of this name should be apparent are often used in place of em dashes, though they were appropriated from another use. Simple hyphens either a single pair or two doubles also appear in their place, especially online. Why? The hyphen is part of the ASCII roster of basic alphanumeric characters that automatically translate online, but em dashes and en dashes often have to be coded, or they’ll manifest in most browser windows as odd characters; we’ve all seen that error on even otherwise professional Web sites. Therefore, they’re used less often on the Internet. End of digression. Dashes and their substitutes, as opposed to quotidian commas and wallflower parentheses, are best used to call attention to the inserted phrase hey, look at me! and note that often, they are used not in pairs with a parenthetical phrase within, but rather alone, setting a phrase off at the end of a sentence a function commas but not parentheses share. I have allowed these devices to proliferate here for the sake of instruction; but use them sparingly. (Especially, don’t use more than a single dash or a pair of dashes in one sentence or in consecutive sentences, or the passage may be difficult to follow.) Employed in moderation, and when each type is used according to its strength, parenthetical punctuation is a powerful textual tool try it! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of HumorEmail Etiquette5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions

Biography of Sarah Boone

Biography of Sarah Boone If youve ever tried to iron a shirt, you can appreciate how difficult it is to iron the sleeves. Dressmaker Sarah Boone tackled this problem and invented an improvement to the ironing board in 1892 that would make it easier to press sleeves without introducing unwanted creases. She was one of the first black women to receive a patent in the United States. Life of Sarah Boone, Inventor Sarah Boone began life as Sarah Marshall, born in 1832. In 1847, at age 15, she married freedman James Boone in New Bern, North Carolina. They moved north to New Haven, Connecticut before the ​Civil War. She worked as a dressmaker while he was a brick mason. They had eight children. She lived in New Haven for the rest of her life. She died in 1904 and is buried in Evergreen Cemetery. She filed her patent July 23, 1891, listing New Haven, Connecticut  as her home. Her patent was published nine months later. There is no record found of whether her invention was produced and marketed. Sarah Boones Ironing Board Patent Boones patent was not the first for an ironing board, despite what you may see in some listings of inventors and inventions. Folding ironing board patents appeared in the 1860s. Ironing was done with irons heated on the stove or fire, using a table that was covered with a thick cloth. Often women would simply use the kitchen table, or prop a board on two chairs. Ironing would usually be done in the kitchen where the irons could be heated on the stove. Electric irons were patented in 1880 but didnt catch on until after the turn of the century. Sarah Boone patented an improvement to the ironing board (U.S. Patent #473,653) on April 26, 1892. Boones ironing board was designed to be effective in ironing the sleeves and bodies of ladies garments. Boones board was very narrow and curved, the size and fit of a sleeve common in ladies garments of that period. It was reversible, making it easy to iron both sides of a sleeve. She noted that the board could also be produced flat rather than curved, which might be better for the cut of the sleeves of mens coats. She noted that her ironing board would also be well-suited for ironing curved waist seams. Her invention would be most convenient to have for pressing sleeves even today. The typical folding ironing board for home use has a tapered end that can be useful for pressing necklines of some items, but sleeves and pant legs are always tricky. Many people simply iron them flat with a crease. If you dont want a crease, you have to avoid ironing over the folded edge. Finding storage for a home ironing board can be a challenge when you live in a small space, Compact ironing boards are one solution that is easier to put into a cupboard. Boones ironing board may look like an option youd prefer if you iron lots of shirts and pants and dont like creases.